Many first-rate research universities in the United States are state-controlled laboratories for the government. These national laboratories, located in universities, serve as original innovation bases and play an important mission in the national basic research, technological development and scientific and technological research.

 

    1, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) at the University of California, Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is located at the University of California, Berkeley, covering an area of ​​81 hectares, adjacent to San Francisco Bay. It is affiliated with the U.S. Department of Energy and is hosted by Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory was founded in 1931 by Ernest L. Lorenz, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939, and focused on the field of high-energy physics. He founded the first electron linear accelerator and found a Series of overweight elements, open up the jet isotope, heavy ion science and other research directions, as the United States and even the world's nuclear holy places. It is the forerunner of a number of well-known laboratories in the United States: Livermore, Los Alamos, Brookhaven and other laboratories, as well as an example of hundreds of accelerator laboratories in the world. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory research area is very wide, under 18 research institutes and research centers, covering high energy physics, earth sciences, environmental science, computer science, energy science, materials science and other disciplines. Since the establishment of Lawrence Berkley Laboratories, a total of five Nobel Prize Winners in Physics and four Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry have been nurtured. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has 3,800 employees, a considerable portion of which are Berkeley teachers and students, with a 2004 budget of more than 500 million U.S. dollars. It is particularly worth mentioning that the director of the laboratory is Mr. Chu Diwen, one of the very few Chinese nationals who lead the academic institutions in the United States.

 

    2, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory. MIT founded Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Mass., In 1951. Its predecessor is the development of the radar radiation laboratory. The laboratory is the federal government investment research center, its basic mission is to use high technology to the critical issue of national security. It soon gained prestige in the advanced electronics research of air defense systems. Its research scope expanded from agile to space surveillance, missile defense, battlefield monitoring and air traffic control. It is the first large-scale, interdisciplinary, Multi-functional technology research and development laboratories. In 1957, the laboratory built Yu-Cheng into a solid state, programmable digital computer-based radar system (Millstone Hill radar) that enabled real-time tracking of space targets, both to track Soviet satellite movement and to monitor the Cape Canaveral Rocket launching. Later, this developed into a ballistic missile defense strategy, one of the most important technologies is digital signal processing and pattern recognition. In the early 1960s, Lincoln Laboratories developed a satellite communications system that led to the launch of eight experimental communications satellites. In the early 1970s, laboratories began to study civil aviation traffic control, emphasizing radar monitoring, detecting bad weather, and developing automatic control devices for aircraft. In the 1980s, laboratories developed high-power lidar systems to overcome the effects of atmospheric turbulence. In the 1990s, sensors were developed for NASA and others. At the beginning, Lincoln Lab was developing Lu image processing equipment. In order to underpin ambitious renovations, Lincoln Labs has always maintained its primacy in basic research, such as nominal physics, solid-state physics, and the advantages associated with data. It enables the early development of semiconductor lasers, the design of infrared laser radars, and the development of high-precision satellite positioning and tracking systems. Lincoln Labs makes a significant contribution to computer graphics, digital signal processing theory, and the design and construction of high-speed digital signal processing computers. Signal processing is the center of many well-known laboratory technologies, including high-throughput general-purpose signal processor. It also has many outstanding work on speech coding and recognition and opens the way for active translation. Lincoln Laboratories currently employs 2,432 people and spent $ 522.6 million in fiscal year 2003, of which 91.6%, or $ 487.7 million, came from the U.S. Department of Defense. It is not hard to know that the MIT Lincoln Laboratory is in fact a U.S. military electronic system Base camp.

 

    Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Los Alamos National Laboratory is located 56 kilometers northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, the capital of the United States, was founded in 1943 to develop the world of birth The first atom bomb on the world famous. Los Alamos is a well-deserved science city and high-tech radiation source. The lab was initiated by President Roosevelt during World War II and is part of the Manhattan project. Physicist Oppenheimer is the laboratory's first director. The lab is a multi-research facility managed by the Department of Energy in collaboration with the University of California. His research work falls into two major categories: weapons research, including the development of nuclear warheads that meet military needs, the design of advanced technology programs in experiments, and the maintenance of an innovative weapon research program through experimental and practical research in related science and technology fields; Including nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, intermediate physical acceleration, superconductivity, computational science, biomedicine, earth sciences, non-nuclear energy and basic energy sciences. There are a large number of world-class scientists gathered here. At present, there are 12,000 employees and their annual budget is estimated to be as high as 2.1 billion U.S. dollars.

 

    4, Brookhaven National Laboratory (Brookhaven National Laboratory, referred to as BNL) Brookhaven National Laboratory in Long Island, New York, Suffolk County (Suffolk County) in the middle of the site for the first World War II, the United States Army Eritrea Putton Barracks. Founded in 1948, the lab is now part of the U.S. Department of Energy and is administered by the Brookhaven Institute of Science, which was founded by Stony Brook University and BATTELLE. Brookhaven National Laboratory has a large number of large-scale instruments and equipment such as three-phase reflectance and synchrotron radiation sources, strong-field NMR, projection electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, positron tomography, and spin-on accelerators . In addition to pioneering nuclear technology, high-energy physics, nanotechnology and other fields of research, the laboratory is still biological, chemical, medical, materials science, environmental science, energy science and technology and other multi-disciplinary development research. The strong supportive capabilities and interdisciplinary environment of the large science installation cluster have enabled Brookhaven National Laboratory to build on its ability to develop new, borderline science and breakthrough major new technologies with numerous major results that have captured the world's attention and Nobel Prize was made several times, becoming a famous large-scale comprehensive scientific research base. With 3,000 employees, Brookhaven Laboratory hosts more than 4,000 scientists worldwide every year. Bruckhaven annual research funding of more than 400 million US dollars.

 

    5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Jet Propulsion Laboratory is a subsidiary of NASA in Pasadena, California, Development and management of unmanned space exploration mission, administratively belongs to the California Institute of Technology management, predecessor is the aviation master Theodor von Carmen in 1936 led the establishment of Jet Energy Institute. In the international science and technology community, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has become an unprecedented leader. It played an unprecedented role in the history of missile and space development in the United States. In particular, "Explorers No.1" entered orbit in 1958 and determined its role as "the mother of space development plans." position. Jet Propulsion Laboratory carried out a total of 45 projects targeted research and development, all kinds of unmanned aerial vehicles after taking control of most of their work. It is also responsible for the correct measurement of the earth's obligations, control the world's deep space exploration network. There are a total of over 5,200 employees and an annual research funding of 1.3 billion U.S. dollars.

 

    6, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, referred to as ORNL) Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the United States Department of Energy's largest science and energy research laboratory, founded in 1943, formerly known as Clinton Laboratory, is the Manhattan Confidential Program A department now uniquely managed by Tennessee University and the Battelle Memorial Institute. During the 1950s and 1960s, Oak Ridge National Laboratory was mainly engaged in nuclear energy, physics and life sciences related research. After the establishment of the Department of Energy in the 1970s, the research program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was expanded to include energy generation, transmission and retention. The mission of Oak Ridge National Laboratory is to conduct basic and applied research and development, to provide scientific common sense and innovative ways to technically solve complex problems, to strengthen the leading position of the United States in major scientific fields, to further increase the utilization rate of large quantities of energy, to provide Restore and protect the environment, and contribute to national security. Oak Ridge National Laboratory many of the science in the world in a leading position. It is mainly engaged in six aspects of research, including neutron science, energy, high-performance computing, complex biological systems, advanced materials and national security. Oak Ridge National Laboratory currently employs more than 3,800 people and visiting researchers about 3000 people, annual funding of more than 1 billion US dollars.

 

    Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) Argonne National Laboratory is one of the oldest and largest science and engineering research laboratories in the U.S. government - the largest in the Midwestern United States. Agon was the first U.S. national laboratory to be chartered in 1946 and one of the largest research centers affiliated with the U.S. Department of Energy. For the past half century, the University of Chicago has supervised the operation of Argonne National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy and its predecessor. Agung was developed from a part of the Manhattan World War II project, based at the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory. After the war Agung received the task of developing atomic nuclear reactors for peaceful applications. Over the years, Agong's research has been extended to include many areas such as basic sciences, science facilities, energy resource solutions, environmental management, state insurance, and industrial technology development. There are two locations in Argon: the East, Illinois, site of 1,500 acres is home to the U.S. Department of Energy's Chicago Office of Work; West Idaho, which covers about 900 acres, is home to most of Argon's major nuclei Reactor research facilities are located. Today, Argon employs more than 3,500 people and has a running budget of about 475 million U.S. dollars to support more than 200 research projects, from nuclear research to global meteorological change research. Since 1990, Agong has worked with more than 600 companies, numerous federal agencies and the rest of the organization.